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CARIBBEAN


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 Overview		  Open All  Close All
 Archaeology
 Overview of Archaeology
  -The Greater Caribbean in Pre-Columbian Times

 Caribbean Paleogeography
  -Caribbean Paleo-Geography: From the Mesozoic to the Present

  -Study of Environmental Change

 The origins of Agriculture
  -Anthropogenic Impacts

  -Paleobotanical Analysis of Starch Particles

  -The Origins of Agriculture

 Dynamics of exchange
  -Circulation of Stone Objects among American Indian Cultures of the Caribbean

  -Dynamics of Cultural Interaction in the Caribbean

  -Exotic Animals

  -Guanin

 Artistic Expressions
  -Pottery-making Traditions

  -Stonework Techniques

 Social Organization
  -Chiefdoms in the Caribbean

  -Kinship Relationships and their Social Significance in Indigenous Caribbean Communities

 Religious Expressions
  -Bateyes

 Biographies
  -Adolfo de Hostos y Ayala

  -Benjamin Irving Rouse

  -Betty J. Meggers

  -Edson "Ajamu" Mitchell

  -Fernando Ortiz Fernández

  -Froelich Rainey

  -Gerardo Reichel-Dolmatoff

  -José Cruxent

  -Luis Chanlatte Baik

  -Mark Raymond Harrington

  -Ricardo E. Alegría

  -Samuel Kirkland Lothrop

 Culture
 Overview of Culture
  -General overview of Caribbean cultures

 Religion and Culture
  -Candomble

  -María Lionza: An Afro-Hispano-indigenous form of Spirituality in Venezuela

  -Religion and Politics

  -Santería

  -Vodou

 Ethnic and Racial Diversity
  -Ethnic and Racial Diversity in the Caribbean

  -The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival

 Sports and Culture
  -Cricket in the English-Speaking Caribbean

  -Sports and Culture in the Caribbean

 Migration and Globalization of Caribbean Culture
  -Manifestations of Resistance in the Caribbean

  -Migration and Globalization in the Caribbean

  -Urban Culture

 Caribbean Traditions and Customs
  -Caribbean Carnivals

  -Caribbean Oral Traditions

  -Caribbean Traditions and Customs

  -Healing and Curative Practices in the Caribbean

  -Rites of Passage in the Caribbean

 Biographies
  -Alston Barrington Chevannes

  -Antonio Benítez Rojo

  -Edward Kamau Brathwaite

  -Édouard Glissant

  -Flérida Lamarche García de Nolasco

  -Frantz Fanon

  -George Cadle Price

  -Jean Price Mars

  -Lydia Cabrera

  -Rex Nettleford

  -Robert Athlyi Rogers

  -Stuart Hall

   -Adaptation of the Angelito or Baquiné: An Example of Magical-Religious Syncretism Related to Death Rituals in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean
   -Caribbean Gastronomy
 Economy
 Overview of Economy
  -Overview of the Caribbean Economy

 Economic History
  -Economic History of the Caribbean: A General Overview

  -Growth and Economic Development in the Caribbean

  -Intellectual and Economic Development of the Antillean Caribbean

 The Macroeconomy
 Interregional Trade Relations and Agreements
  -Caribbean Ties to the U.S. Economy

  -Economic Implications for the Caribbean Region of Recent Trade Agreements

  -Integration of the Cuban Economy in the Caribbean

  -Interregional trade agreements and relationships

  -Sectorial and Interregional Links in the Caribbean

 Economy and Environment
  -Current Challenges for Industrial Development and the Environmental Economy

  -The Economy and the Environment in the Caribbean

  -The Key Role of Communications in Caribbean Economic Integration

 Economic Integration and International Trade
  -Economic Integration and International Trade in the Caribbean Region

  -Infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean

  -The Caribbean and the Economic Growth of China and India

  -The Economy of the English Caribbean

  -The Haitian Economy in the Caribbean Region

 Stylized facts About the Caribbean
  -Distilled Facts about the Caribbean Region

  -The Caribbean Faces a Changing World

 Biographies
  -Clive Yolande Thomas

  -Dennis Pantin

  -Eric St. Cyr

  -Gérard Pierre-Charles

  -Havelock R. Brewster

  -Lloyd Algernon Best

  -Meredith Alister McIntyre

  -Tubal Uriah

  -William Gilbert Demas

   -Migration, Remittances and Economic Development in the Caribbean
 Geography and Environment
 Overview of Geography and Environment
  -Geography and Environment of the Caribbean Region

 Physical Geography
  -Coastal Resources in the Caribbean

  -Geology and Land Features in the Caribbean

  -Physical Geography of the Caribbean Region

  -Soil and Vegetation in the Caribbean

 Human Geography
  -Demographic Geography

  -Economic Geography of the Caribbean Today

  -Human Geography in the Caribbean

  -Political Geography

  -Urban Geography

 Environment
  -Deforestation and Soil Erosion in the Caribbean

  -Ecosystems and Biodiversity in the Greater Caribbean Region

  -Environmental Pollution in the Caribbean

  -State of the Environment in the Caribbean

  -Water Pollution due to Solid Wastes in the Greater Caribbean Region

 Natural Risks
  -Collaborative and Community Management of Natural Resources in the Caribbean

  -Hurricanes in the Caribbean

  -Natural Hazards

  -Seismic Activity in the Caribbean

 Global Warming and Climate Change
  -Climatology and Meteorology in the Caribbean

  -Global Warming and Climate Change in the Caribbean

 Sustainability and Food Safety
  -Food Security and Sustainable Development in the Caribbean

 Biographies
  - Andrew Simmons

  - Humberto Ríos Labrada

  - Janet Gibson

  - Jean La Rose

  - Jean-Baptiste Chavannes

  - Juan Mayr Maldonado

  - Rosa Elena Simeón Negrín

  - Rosa Hilda Ramos

  -Alexander von Humboldt

  -Alexis Massol González

  -Alicia Bárcena Ibarra

  -Atherton Martin

 History
 Overview of History
 Conquest and Colonization: 16th and 17th Centuries
  -Conquest and Colonization: The Creation of Caribbean Societies

  -The Encomienda in the Caribbean Islands

 Sugar and Slavery during the 18th Century
  -Africa and the Caribbean

  -Sugar and Slavery in the 17th Century

  -The Haitian Revolution and its Impact in the Caribbean

  -The New Campesinos: Changes in Post-Slavery Caribbean Societies

 Caribbean Development in the 19th Century
  -Abolition of Slavery in the Caribbean

  -Asian Immigration to the Caribbean

  -Black Councils in Cuba

  -Nationalism and Ideology in the 19th Century Caribbean

 The Caribbean in the 20th Century
  -Archaeology, History and the Study of Resistance in Brazil

  -The Caribbean in the 20th Century

  -The Cuban Revolution of 1959

  -The U.S. Invasion of the Dominican Republic

 Biographies
  -C. L. R. James

  -Eric Eustace Williams

  -Fidel Castro

  -Marcus Garvey

  -Mariana Grajales

  -Maurice Bishop

  -Toussaint L'Ouverture

   -Archaeology and History of Slavery in Cuba
   -Gilberto Freyre
   -Juan Francisco Manzano
   -Maroons
   -The Spanish-American War, 1898
 Literature
 Overview of Literature
  -General Overview of Caribbean Literature

 Conquest, Colonization and Literary Creation
  -Asian Influences in Caribbean Literature

  -Conquest and Colonization: The Chronicles and Literary Creation in the Caribbean

  -Linguistic and Cultural Heterogeneity in the Caribbean: The Difficulties of a Caribbean Canon

  -Magical Realism and Caribbean Reality

  -Neo-Baroque and the Tropics

  -The Caribbean Essay: Toward Definitions of Island Societies

 Creole Literature in the 21th Century
  -Development of a Caribbean Literature in the 19th Century

  -Nationalism and the Formation of Literary Canons in the Caribbean

 The Novel-Testimony an the Slave Society
  -Narratives of Slavery and Criticism of Colonialism

  -Plantations and Slavery: The Testimonial

 Reconsideration of the African Culture
  -A Reconsideration of the African Influence in Caribbean Cultures

  -Alejo Carperntier and the Hatian Revolution

  -Post-Slavery Narratives: Family Histories and Genealogical Reconstructions

 The Literary Magazines and Intellectuals
  -Caliban and Caribbean Literature: the Specter of Shakespeare

  -Literary Magazines: Gathering Place for Caribbean Intellectuals

 Diasporic Literature
  -Caribbean Diasporic Literature

  -Colonizer and Colony: Modernist Concepts in Caribbean Literature

  -Literature and Exile: The Writing of the Diaspora

 Biographies
  -Aimé Césaire

  -Alejo Carpentier

  -Carmela Eulate Sanjurjo

  -Derek Walcott

  -Edwidge Danticat

  -Jean Rhys

  -Julia Álvarez

  -Luis Palés Matos

  -Luis Rafael Sánchez

  -Rosario Ferré

  -V.S. Naipaul

  -Wilson Harris

   -Caribbean Artists Movement (CAM)
 Music
 Overview of Music
 The Music of the Afrodiasporic Caribbean
  -Africa in the Caribbean: cultural language of rhythm

  -Music of the African Diaspora in the Caribbean

  -Salsa as a Trans-Caribbean Socio-Musical Phenomenon

 The Music of the French Caribbean
  - The Music of Haiti

  -Music of Martinique and Guadeloupe

  -Music of the French Caribbean

 The Music of the English Caribbean
  -Music of the Bahamas: From La Guaira to New Orleans

  -Music of the English Caribbean

  -Music of the Netherlands Antilles

 The Music of the Spanish Caribbean
  -Cuban Punto

  -Music in Cuba

  -Music of the Spanish Caribbean

  -Reggaeton

  -The Bolero in the Caribbean and Latin America

  -The Mambo

 The Overall Music of the Caribbean
  -Caribbean Metagenres

  -Caribbean Music around the World

  -Cuban Music in the United States

  -Fandango in Dominican Popular Music: A Bibliographic Review

  -Jazz and the Caribbean

 Biographies
  -Bob Marley

  -Ernesto Lecuona Casado

  -Jan Gerard Palm

  -Joseph Boulogne (Chevalier de Saint-George)

  -Juan Morel Campos

  -Jules de Palm

  -Lord Kitchener (Aldwyn Roberts)

  -Mighty Sparrow (Slinger Francisco)

  -Myrta Silva

  -Nemours Jean-Baptiste

  -Rafael Hernández

  -Weber Sicot

   -Music in Puerto Rico
   -Reggae Music of Jamaica: Its Social and Historical Roots
 Politics and Society
 Overview of Politics and Society
  -Politics in the Caribbean: General characteristics, cohesion and disagreements

  -Threats to Social and National Security: The Internationalization of Corruption and Violence

 Political and Electoral Systems of the Caribbean
  -Caribbean Political and Electoral Systems

  -Democracy and Governability in the Caribbean after the Cold War: the Dominican Republic

  -Political Parties and Representation

  -The State, Political Institutions and the Quality of Democracy

 International Relations
  -Cuba and the Caribbean

  -International Relations

  -Non-Sovereign Territories in the Caribbean

  -Problems of Sovereignty in the Netherlands Antilles

  -Regional Institutions in the Caribbean

  -The Integration of Haiti in the Caribbean

  -The United States and the Caribbean

 Currents of Political Thought and Ideologies
  -Political Thought, Political Currents and Political Ideology

 Civil Society
  -Civil Society

  -Diaspora and Politics

  -Gender and sexuality

  -Migration

  -Resistance, Rebellions and Revolutions in the Caribbean

  -Youth and Society

 Biographies
  -Alexander Bustamante

  -Arthur Lewis

  -Fulgencio Batista y Zaldívar

  -Mary Eugenia Charles

  -Philip Stanley Wilberforce Goldson

  -Walter Rodney

 Visual Arts
 Overview of Visual Arts
 Art and Caribbean Society
  -Caribbean Art on the International Scene

  -Today's Museum at the Crossroads

 Emergence of painting in the Caribbean
  -Art Criticism and the Aesthetic Experience of the Public in Museums

  -Color, Lines and Forms: Drawing and Painting in the Caribbean

  -Emergence of Painting in the Caribbean

 The Graphic: from Poster to Photography
  -Cinema and Photography: Art or Documentation

  -Graphic Arts: From Posters to Photography

  -Video: A stage for new sensations and experimentation in Caribbean art

 Sculpture and Installations: Volumes and Spaces
  -Sculpture and Installation Art, in Volume and Space

  -The Biennials and other Art Events in the Caribbean

 Performance: Between the Imaginary and the Real
  -Art Collecting in the 21st Century: Public and Private Collections

  -Performance Art: Between the Imaginary and the Real

  -The Artist Performance as Part of his Work

 The Arts on the Streets: New Graphisms
  -Resistance Art: The Transformation of Public Spaces

  -Street Art: New Graphics

 Biographies
  -Ada Balcácer

  -Blue Curry

  -Christopher Cozier

  -Daniel Lind

  -Edouard Duval Carrié

  -Francisco Oller

  -Haydeé Landing

  -Jaime Colson

  -José Campeche

  -LeRoy Clarke

  -Luisa Géigel

  -Manuel Mendive

  -Ramón Oviedo

The Caribbean Section of the Puerto Rico Online Encyclopedia has been possible thanks to the collaborative effort between the National Endowment for the Humanities? We the People Program, the Ana G. Méndez University System? Metropolitan University, and the Puerto Rican Endowment for the Humanities.
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